Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition with a wide range of symptoms. It commonly involves irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) leading to acne and unwanted hair growth (on the chin, upper lip, or thighs), and insulin resistance.

What are the Symptoms of PCOS?

PCOS affects approximately 2–26% of women in the reproductive age group. It can show up in different ways, including:

Irregular menstrual cycles
Heavy or prolonged bleeding
Excess facial or body hair
Acne outbreaks
Weight gain
Thinning hair or hair loss (male-pattern baldness)
Darkened patches of skin
Signs of metabolic syndrome
Difficulty in conceiving
Obesity

What are the Causes of PCOS?

PCOS is primarily a hormonal (endocrine) disorder with genetic links. If someone carries the gene for PCOS, it may become active in adulthood due to factors such as:

Obesity
Lack of physical activity
Poor dietary habits

Managing PCOS involves making key lifestyle changes. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight loss can significantly help. Medications may be prescribed to regulate periods, manage insulin resistance, and address acne or excessive hair growth. In cases of infertility, treatments like superovulation with timed intercourse or IUI may be recommended, along with advanced options like IVF, ICSI, or ovarian drilling.

Diet and lifestyle play a vital role in managing PCOS. The chances of conception improve further with the help of assisted reproductive technologies. To reduce the risk of developing PCOS, it’s important to maintain a healthy weight, follow a balanced low-fat, low-carb diet, and stay physically active throughout the day to support insulin sensitivity.

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Signs of PCOS: